A three-judge panel of the San Francisco-based U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9^th Circuit ruled on August 23 that the Idaho Department of Corrections violated the 8^th Amendment rights of Adree Edmo, a transgender inmate, when it denied her gender confirmation surgery.  The court’s opinion, issued collectively by the three judges as “per curiam,” provides such an extensive discussion of the medical and legal issues that it could serve as a textbook … <Read More>